Understanding Cataracts: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Cataracts are one of the most common causes of vision loss worldwide, especially among people over 60. A cataract forms when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, making everything you see look blurred, faded or hazy — a little like looking through a fogged-up window.

The good news: cataracts are treatable, and modern surgery restores clear vision for the vast majority of patients.

Common symptoms

• Blurred or dim vision that glasses no longer correct
• Trouble seeing at night, especially while driving
• Colours appearing faded or yellowed
• Sensitivity to light and glare, or halos around lights
• Frequent changes in your glasses prescription
• Double vision in one eye

What causes cataracts?

Most cataracts develop with age as proteins inside the lens gradually break down. Other factors that speed the process up include diabetes, long-term steroid use, smoking, excessive sunlight exposure, previous eye injuries and family history.

Cataracts usually develop slowly, so many people do not notice the change until everyday tasks — reading, driving, recognising faces — become difficult.

Treatment options

In the early stages, stronger lighting, anti-glare glasses and updated prescriptions can help. When cataracts start interfering with daily life, surgery is the only effective treatment.

Modern phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery removes the cloudy lens through a tiny incision and replaces it with a clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The procedure takes around 15–20 minutes, is virtually painless, and most patients go home the same day.

Recovery and aftercare

1. Use the prescribed eye drops exactly as directed.
2. Avoid rubbing the eye and heavy lifting for the first two weeks.
3. Wear the protective shield while sleeping for the first few nights.
4. Attend every follow-up visit so healing can be monitored.

Most patients notice dramatically clearer vision within a few days, with full stabilisation over four to six weeks.

When should you see a doctor?

If you experience sudden vision changes, persistent glare, or difficulty performing daily activities, book a comprehensive eye examination. Early diagnosis makes treatment simpler and outcomes better.